In 2017, Bloombergranked Italy as the world’s healthiest country due to the lifestyle and eating habits of its citizens. This ranking came as a surprise to many Americans, who may associate Italy only with the carbohydrate-heavy elements of its cuisine, including pasta, pizza, and garlic bread. Yet when we investigate the lifestyle and eating habits of individuals living in Italy, the reasoning behind the ranking becomes clear.

Bloomberg’s Global Health Index is used to score the health of 169 countries around the world, based on a range of variables, including life expectancy, health risks, and environmental factors. Italians have a life expectancy well into their 80’s, and they are much less likely to suffer from high blood pressure or high cholesterol than individuals from the United States or England. While the “excess in doctors” is reported by the CEO of Project Hope to be one factor that contributes to Italian’s high life expectancy, Italy’s culinary culture is another factor that may contribute greatly to their superior health.

The Mediterranean Diet, which is consumed by the majority of Italians, is lauded by nutrition expertsto be among the world’s healthiest diets. This diet is characterized by consumption of fresh produce and healthy fats, including high-quality extra virgin olive oil and a moderate intake of fish. Additionally, certain lifestyle factors characterize this diet, such as making mealtime a social occasion that may often involve moderate intake of wine. Physical activity through enjoyable daily activities is another characteristic of the Mediterranean lifestyle.

In the 2019 Bloomberg ranking, Italy fell to second place, and its neighboring country, Spain, was a surprise winner. The Mediterranean diet is a staple component of both countries, thus making Mediterranean dietary habits and lifestyle choices smart choices for living a healthy life.